Photo from NAV CANADA
Canada’s air navigation service provider, NAV CANADA, issued an aeronautical information circular to notify the public that there were new requirements related to the ADS-B mandate.
The new requirements are related to the 2022 ADS-B mandate and pertain to the flight planning phase. Operators entering ADS-B mandatory airspace must use specific ADS-B equipage codes in Item 10 of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) flight plan, B1 or B2. A new entry must also be made in Item 18 of the flight plan, SUR/CANMANDATE, which will identify that the aircraft is equipped in accordance with the Canadian ADS-B mandate. This Item 18 change is encouraged to be used, even if the aircraft does not enter Canadian domestic airspace where the ADS-B has been mandated.
The ADS-B is an electronic surveillance technology installed on aircraft that broadcasts flight information through a digital data link. This data is used by air traffic systems to track the altitude and position of an aircraft on situational displays. The technology can give air traffic controllers a better sense of situational awareness and is believed to be a safety improvement.
Canada announced there was an ADS-B performance requirement mandate for Canadian domestic airspace in February 2022. The mandate required aircraft to broadcast signals to surveillance sensors on Earth, as well as to space-based sensors above the aircraft. Planes flying in Class A and B airspace above 12,500 feet were required to implement ADS-B, utilizing a transponder with ADS-B Out capability and an antenna able to broadcast out to receivers emitting MHz Extended Squitter.
In the U.S. the aircraft operating in airspace that requires Mode C or Mode S transponder needed to be equipped with ADS-B Out by Dec. 31, 2019. This includes most controlled airspace, like Class A, B, C and parts of E. Above 18,000 feet MSL, a 1090 Extended Squitter is required but a provision was made to use 978 MHz Universal Access transceiver (UAT) below 18,000 feet. Outside of the U.S. most ADS-B systems operate on 1090 MHz.
NAV CANADA and Transport Canada have been evaluating feedback from stakeholders. Supply-chain disruptions and limitations stemming from the global pandemic made it harder for some customers to meet the requirements by the mandate effective date. As long as the system capacity permits it, NAV CANADA is accommodating many aircraft unable to transmit ADS-B in accordance with the mandate. Based on the three principles of safety, type of ATC separation service available in a given airspace and impacts on other airspace users, NAV CANADA will apply for ADS_B accommodation.
The accommodation requests are a manual process and take time for each flight. Because of the time-consuming process, accommodation requests must be submitted three business days before the flight. Most of these will be accepted on a first-come, first-serve basis. Flights like MEDEVAC or rescue will be given priority and regularly scheduled flights may be given blanket accommodations.
RELATED STORY:
Canada will implement space-based ADS-B mandate in 2023
The space-based ADS-B provides worldwide surveillance coverage to equipped aircraft. NAV CANADA was the first to implement this type of ADS-B in its domestic airspace. It is being used over the Hudson Bay, the North Atlantic and in the domestic airspace above 29,000 feet in Canada. By December 2021, NAV CANADA began providing service to equipped aircraft below 29,000 feet in the Montreal Flight Information Region, with plans to expand before the mandate went into effect. A phased approach will be used to implement a mandate in Class C, D and E Canadian airspace, beginning as soon as 2026.
The technology is being implemented in phases, with Class A starting Aug. 10, 2023 and Class B starting May 16, 2024.
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